This ransom theory of the atonement . [5]:102 However, Basil urged him to return home to assist his father, which he did for the next year. [10] At the end of 375 he withdrew to a monastery at Seleukia, living there for three years. Refresh and try again. Send-to-Kindle or Email . St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Doctor of the Church, was born at Arianzus, in Asia Minor, c. 325; died at the same place, 389. Please read our short guide how to send a book to Kindle. Orat. [9]:45, Theodosius wanted to further unify the entire empire behind the orthodox position and decided to convene a church council to resolve matters of faith and discipline. The faith of Origen (especially as evidenced in his early On First Principles) is often regarded as a corrup­ Upon the death of Emperor Valens in 378, the accession of Theodosius I, a steadfast supporter of Nicene orthodoxy, was good news to those who wished to purge Constantinople of Arian and Apollinarian domination. He spent the next year combating the local Apollinarian heretics and struggling with periodic illness. ;] -- Brian Daley provides fresh translations of a comprehensive selection of St Gregory's varied works, biographical, poetic and theological, with a detailed introduction and notes. [9]:32[12] Leaving home after a few days, he met his friend Basil at Annesoi, where the two lived as ascetics. Skip to content Word of Wisdom; Newsletter . Gregory used this occasion to deliver a final address (Or. [citation needed], Gregory faced stark choices throughout his life: Should he pursue studies as a rhetor or philosopher? The second series focuses on a variety of important Church Fathers, ranging from the fourth century to the eighth century. "[23]:10, Some of Gregory's theological writings suggest that, like his friend Gregory of Nyssa, he may have supported some form of the doctrine of apocatastasis, the belief that God will bring all of creation into harmony with the Kingdom of Heaven. N. Dumitraşcu. The Five Theological Orations: A Preliminary Discourse Against the Eunomians (Oration XXVII - The First Theological) ||| Second Theological Oration (XXVIII) ||| Third Theological Oration (XXIX), On the Son ||| Fourth Theological Oration (XXX), On the Son II ||| Fifth Theological Oration, On the Holy Spirit. Along with the brothers Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, he is known as one of the Cappadocian Fathers. ISBN 13: 9780881419122. Gregory of Nazianzus and Athanasius, on the other hand, rejected the ransom theor y. Gregory was born of Greek parentage[8] in the family estate of Karbala outside the village of Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in southwest Cappadocia. [5]:359 Rather than press his case and risk further division, he decided to resign his office: "Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! Save for later. Gregory of Nyssa, his brother Basil the Great (14 June), and Basil's best friend Gregory of Nazianzus (9 May), are known collectively as the Cappadocian Fathers. The poems that he wrote that dealt with his personal affairs refer to the continuous illness and severe sufferings (physical and spiritual) which assailed him during his last years. Biographers suggest that it was this dialectic which defined him, forged his character, and inspired his search for meaning and truth. Hoping to reconcile the West with the East, he offered to recognize Paulinus as Patriarch of Antioch. On 27 November 2004, those relics, along with those of John Chrysostom, were returned to Constantinople by Pope John Paul II, with the Vatican retaining a small portion of both. * 1 The title is meant in the strictest possible sense: Gregory defended the divinity (theo-) of the Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of Sasima was canonically illegitimate. 1 (2017), pp. "[13] He made little effort to administer his new diocese, complaining to Basil that he preferred instead to pursue a contemplative life. [5]:xi By 400, Rufinius began translating his orations into Latin. Gregory of Nazianzus’ greatest prose achievements were his funeral panegyrics to his father and Basil the Great. Autocephaly recognized universally de facto, by some Autocephalous Churches de jure: Autocephaly recognized by Constantinople and 3 other Autocephalous Churches: Gregory of Nazianzus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός, Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329[3] – 25 January 390),[3][4] also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian. S. Patris Nostri Gregorii Nazianzeni, Omnia Quae Extant Opera, Volume 1... En Damus Lector Denuo Recognitos Divi Clementis Eius Inquam Cuius S. Paulus Ad Philippenses Meminit Cuiusque EA Fertur Magno Gr�corum Et Latinoru Con Sensu Epistola Qu� Ad Hebr�os Vulg� Inscripta Est: Recognitionum Libros X. What titles appertaining to God do not apply also to Him, except for Unbegotten and Begotten? 54 (December 1993), p. 632. [32] He would receive occasional visits from intimate friends, as well as visits from strangers who were attracted to his retreat by his large reputation for sanctity and learning. St. Gregory of Nazianzus. To add more books, On God and Christ, The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius: St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Festal Orations: Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, On God and Man: The Theological Poetry of Gregory of Nazianzen, Gregory of Nazianzus: Autobiographical Poems, St. Gregory of Nazianzus: Select Orations, On the Manifestation of God in the Birth of Christ (Oration 38 of St. Gregory the Theologian) (Pastoral Messages Series), Funeral Orations By Saint Gregory Nazianzen And Saint Ambrose. Gregory of Nazianzus is a theologian who treats theology proper with the utmost care. He is also one of only three men in the life of the Orthodox Church who have been officially designated "Theologian" by epithet,[7] the other two being John the Theologian (the Evangelist), and Symeon the New Theologian. New Year's Day at St. Gregory's At the conclusion of the Divine Liturgy on Friday, January 1st, the Blessing of St. Maritz, "Logos Articulation in Gregory of Nazianzus,", E.P. [Sermons of Gregory the Theologian with exegesis of Nicetas of Heraclea] [microform]. As he was sailing from Alexandria to Athens, a violent sea storm put in peril not only hi… Enjoy! Primarily a scholar, he wrote many theological, mystical, and monastic works in which he balanced Platonic and … Gregory of Nazianzus is the fourth book in a series on the church fathers edited by Hans Boersma and Matthew Levering. [11], In 361 Gregory returned to Nazianzus and was ordained a presbyter by his father's wish, who wanted him to assist with caring for local Christians. His lyric poetry is distinguished by an intimate and varied intonation. [5]:187–92 Describing his new bishopric, Gregory lamented how it was nothing more than an "utterly dreadful, pokey little hole; a paltry horse-stop on the main road ... devoid of water, vegetation, or the company of gentlemen ... this was my Church of Sasima! [5]:121 Julian resolved, in late 362, to vigorously prosecute Gregory and his other Christian critics; however, the emperor perished the following year during a campaign against the Persians. Was it better to blaze his own path or follow the course mapped for him by his father and Basil? [5]:358–9, Gregory was physically exhausted and worried that he was losing the confidence of the bishops and the emperor. Furthermore, Gregory asserted that Christ was fully human, including a full human soul. This work demonstrates a patristic approach to reading the Bible and promotes a vision for the Christian life that is theological, pastoral, and philosophical. His impact during his own time and ours is … This work is still well worth consulting, but it has now been supplanted by a full-scale, even magisterial study: John McGuckin’s Saint Gregory of Nazianzus. What great things are there in the idea of God which are not in His power? xxiii. He and Basil compiled an anthology, called the Philokalia, of the works of the great (but somewhat erratic) Alexandrian theologian, philosopher, and scholar of the previous century, Origen. 30-31. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. In: The Ecumenical Legacy of the Cappadocians, pp. Benoît thinks that it was probably delivered on the anniversary of S. Basil's death. [5]:130, Gregory spent the next few years combating Arianism, which threatened to divide the region of Cappadocia. This process as described by Gregory is the public manifestation of the process of deification (theosis), which leads to a spiritual elevation and mystical union with God. Gregory is a saint in both Eastern and Western Christianity. "[20] Although Gregory does not fully develop the concept, the idea of procession would shape most later thought about the Holy Spirit. [5]:143 Basil, who had long displayed inclinations to the episcopacy, was elected bishop of the see of Caesarea in Cappadocia in 370. Full Text Works by Gregory the Theologian. After a sojourn here for two or three years, during which Gregory edited, with Basil some of the exegetical works of Origen, and also helped his friend in the compilation of his famous rules, Gregory returned to Nazianzus, leaving with regret the peaceful hermitage where he and Basil (as he recalled in their subsequent correspondence) had spent such a pleasant time in the labour both of hands and of heads. [34][35] The Catholic Church observes his feast day on 2 January. Grégoire de Nazianze - Homélie sur les Machabées, 1900.djvu 4,267 × 7,163, 68 pages; 9.16 MB. He is widely quoted by Eastern Orthodox theologians and highly regarded as a defender of the Christian faith. WORKS Briefe. He also proclaimed the eternality of the Holy Spirit, saying that the Holy Spirit's actions were somewhat hidden in the Old Testament but much clearer since the ascension of Jesus into Heaven and the descent of the Holy Spirit at the feast of Pentecost. Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Latin Gregorius Nyssenus, (born c. 335, Caesarea, in Cappadocia, Asia Minor [now Kayseri, Turkey]—died c. 394; feast day March 9), philosophical theologian and mystic, leader of the orthodox party in the 4th-century Christian controversies over the doctrine of the Trinity. Lutheranism 101, CPH, St. Louis, 2010, p. 277, List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople, "Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιος Γρηγόριος ο Θεολόγος", Ὁ Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος ὁ Θεολόγος Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gregory of Nazianzus", "St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople", "Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom", "Join us in Daily Prayer – The Church of England", "Divine Causality and the Monarchy of God the Father in Gregory of Nazianzus", The Place of the Apocalypse in the Canon of St Gregory Nazianzen, Works of Gregory Nazianzus translated into English, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&oldid=998039387, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with Greek-language sources (el), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Turner, H.E.W. He was son -- one of three children -- of Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus (329-374), in the south-west of Cappadocia, and of Nonna, a daughter of Christian parents. St. Gregory of Nazianzus Homepage, by D. Platt: --- Christian Mysticism Homepage of the Centre for the Study of Gregory of Nazianzus at the Catholic University of Louvain: --- UCL St. [30], Following his death, Gregory was buried at Nazianzus. [citation needed] The book VIII of the Greek Anthology contains exclusively 254 epigrams of his. The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the Council. Elena Ene D-Vasilescu, "Generation (γενεά) in Gregory Nazianzen's poem on the Son", Akropolis, vol. [10] The ambitions of Gregory's father to have his son rise in the Church hierarchy and the insistence of his friend Basil convinced Gregory to accept this position despite his reservations. Additional Information. Daley, Gregory of Nazianzus, 2006, Buch, 978-0-415-12180-4. In this regard, Gregory is the first to use the idea of procession to describe the relationship between the Spirit and the Godhead: "The Holy Spirit is truly Spirit, coming forth from the Father indeed but not after the manner of the Son, for it is not by generation but by procession, since I m… Gregory of Nazianzus' Soteriological Pneumatology, eBook pdf (pdf eBook) von Oliver B. Langworthy bei hugendubel.de als Download für Tolino, eBook-Reader, PC, Tablet und Smartphone. During the next six years, he wrote poetry. Gregory of Nazianzus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329–25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian. [Brian E Daley; Gregory, of Nazianzus Saint. The autobiographical poems On My Life, On My Fate, and On My Sufferings, with their psychological profundity and standard of self-analysis, are on a par with St. Augustine’s Confessions. Get this from a library! 29,2,", P.J. Ad Iacobum Fratrem Domini, Gregor von Nazianz, Über die Bischöfe (Carmen 2, 1, 12), Gregorius Nazianzenus, Opera: Versio Syriaca: III: Orationes XXVII, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Collectio Selecta Ss. The eight orations, each representing a different aspect of his writing, are examined alongside a selection of his shorter poems in verse translation, letters, and a translation of Gregory's own will. An Intellectual Biography (Crestwood, N.Y.: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001). [5]:235 The exiled Nicene party gradually returned to the city. [5]:361, Returning to his homeland of Cappadocia, Gregory once again resumed his position as bishop of Nazianzus. [29] Additionally, the Liturgy of St Gregory the Theologian in use by the Coptic Church is named after him. Media in category "Literary works by Gregory of Nazianzus" The following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. * Note: these are all the books on Goodreads for this author. Gregory of Nazianzus (greek: Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos), also called Gregory the Theologian, (born 329 AD - died 390 AD) was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian.He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age.. [14] He instead focused his attention on his new duties as coadjutor of Nazianzus. 169–184. Gregory of Nazianzus (St. Gregory Nazianzen), Bishop of Sasima and of Constantinople, son of Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus in Cappadocia, and Nonna, his wife, was born at a village near that city where his father had an estate, and called Arizanzus.The date of his birth is unknown, but is generally given as A.D. 325. [33], The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches celebrate two feast days in Gregory's honor. I was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly would I descend it. [5]:138–42 The two friends then entered a period of close fraternal cooperation as they participated in a great rhetorical contest of the Caesarean church precipitated by the arrival of accomplished Arian theologians and rhetors. Despite Gregory's reference to archaic musical instruments like the lute, his argument is more relevant to our age. Category:Literary works by Gregory of Nazianzus. [9]:45 Gregory was of similar mind in wishing to unify Christianity. He was the son of the Bishop Gregory. [1] The Church of England and the US Episcopal Church celebrate St. Gregory's Holy Day, on 2 January, a "Lesser Festival". [9]:19,25 In Athens, Gregory studied under the famous rhetoricians Himerius and Proaeresius. Gregory went on to study advanced rhetoric and philosophy in Nazianzus, Caesarea, Alexandria, and Athens. 159–184. Bücher schnell und portofrei New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2015. Invectives asserts that Christianity will overcome imperfect rulers such as Julian through love and patience. [After Gregory resigned, under duress, his post at Constantinople, Theodore of Tyana and Bosporius of Colonia asked him to resume his duties at Nazianzus. His relics, consisting of portions of his body and clothing, were transferred to Constantinople in 950, into the Church of the Holy Apostles. I tremble when I think of such an abundance of titles, and how many Names they blaspheme, those who revolt against the Spirit! He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of … He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age. The reception of Sappho's poetry through the past 70 years has been extremely positive, with poets, scholars, publishers, and cultural figures bringing renewed and sustained attention to this ancient poet, for whom so little is known. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Gregory of Nazianzus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329 – 25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian.He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the patristic age. Gregory of Nyssa (ca 334-9 MAR 395), Bishop and author. Gregory served at Constantinople for a couple of years then retired at Nazianzus. He presses deeply into nuance, clearly explains the truth of Scripture, and writes in such a way that awes the reader of God Himself. Much of his theological work continues to influence modern theologians, especially in regard to the relationship among the three Persons of the Trinity. [36] In this tense environment, Gregory interceded on behalf of his friend Basil with Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea (Mazaca). The arrival of the emperor Theodosius in 380 settled matters in Gregory's favor. Literary works by Gregory of Nazianzus‎ (20 D) M Mosaics of Gregory of Nazianzus‎ (1 D) S Saint Gregory of Nazianzus on stained-glass windows‎ (7 D) Statues of Gregory of Nazianzus‎ (1 K) Medien in der Kategorie „Gregory of Nazianzus“ Folgende 24 Dateien sind in dieser Kategorie, von 24 insgesamt. Texts and Contexts, I. WBS, 24/1. The entire work is divided into two series, each with fourteen volumes. 9) and his sister Gorgonia (Feb. 23). It was during this time that he decided to write theological discourses and poetry of both a religious and an autobiographical nature. [9]:54, Gregory's most significant theological contributions arose from his defense of the doctrine of the Trinity. In the Catholic Church he is numbered among the Doctors of the Church; in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches he is revered as one of the Three Holy Hierarchs, along with Basil the Great and John Chrysostom. 33 For the significance of the German term and for the meaning of the word ἐπίγραμμα in Byz- antium see mainly M. D. Lauxtermann, Byzantine Poetry from Pisides to Geometres. Gregory of Nazianzus (329-390 CE), "the Theologian," is the premier teacher on the Holy Trinity in Eastern Christian tradition, yet for over a century historians and theologians have largely neglected his work. His father, who later became Bishop of Nazianzus, was named Gregory (commemorated Jan. 1), and his mother was named Nonna (Aug. 5); both are among the saints, and so are his brother Caesarius (Mar. Gregory, of Nazianzus, Saint. They were a major force in the triumph of the Athanasian position at the Council of Constantinople in 381. [27], Apart from the several theological discourses, Gregory was also one of the most important early Christian men of letters, a very accomplished orator, even perhaps one of the greatest of his time. [9]:42 After much hesitation, Gregory agreed. This study addresses the lack of critical analysis on Gregory of Nazianzus’ title of ‘the Theologian’. He went to school in Athens with his friend Basil, and with the aforesaid Julian. : Gregory of Nazianzus on the Logos' Assumption of Human Nature,", K. Skurat, "St. Gregory of Nazianzus on Philosophy and Knowledge of God,", Steven Peter Tsichlis, "The Nature of Theology in the Theological Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzus,", Raymond Van Dam, "Self-Representation in the Will of Gregory of Nazianzus,", Kenneth Paul Wesche, "The Union of God and Man in Jesus Christ in the Thought of Gregory of Nazianzus,", Donald F. Winslow, "Gregory of Nazianzus and Love for the Poor,", This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 14:18. Gregory of Nazianzus is the fourth book in a series on the church fathers edited by Hans Boersma and Matthew Levering. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter. Welcome back. Read 50 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Featuring the Church Fathers, Catholic Encyclopedia, Summa Theologica and more. SAINT GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS, THE THEOLOGIAN (c. 329/330 – c.390CE) ... works he has greatly influenced the formulation of the Christian theologian ideology. Categories: Religion. The emperor, moved by his words, applauded, commended his labor, and granted his resignation. On the vigil of Easter in 379, an Arian mob burst into his church during worship services, wounding Gregory and killing another bishop. Gregory (GREH-gor-ee of nay-zee-AN-zuhs) was born on the family estate of Arianzus, near Nazianzus, the son of Bishop Gregory, the Elder of Nazianzus. [5]:125–6 With the death of the emperor, Gregory and the Eastern churches were no longer under the threat of persecution, as the new emperor Jovian was an avowed Christian and supporter of the church. Gregory made a significant impact on the shape of Trinitarian theology among both Greek- and Latin-speaking theologians, and he is remembered as the "Trinitarian Theologian". 119-137. Gregory died in 390 after a long and fruitful ministry. [10] He may have been baptized there, or shortly after his return to Cappadocia. Donating most of his inheritance to the needy, he lived an austere existence. [10] Refuting the Eunomion denial of the Holy Spirit's divinity, Gregory offered this argument: Look at these facts: Christ is born, the Holy Spirit is His Forerunner. By 451 he was designated Theologus, or Theologian by the Council of Chalcedon[5]:xi – a title held by no others save John the Apostle[10] and Symeon the New Theologian (949–1022 AD). Gregory of Nazianzus, the most ‘literary’ Greek father of the church, is known in the Byzantine tradition both as ‘the Theologian’ and as the ‘Christian Demosthenes’. Besides John the Evangelist, Gregory of Nazianzus is the only person the Early Church called "The Theologian." St Gregory of Nazianzen, also known as 'the Theologian', was one of the key architects of the Early Christian Church, along with St Basil and St Gregory of Nyssa. Gregory was subsequently enthroned as bishop of Constantinople at the Basilica of the Apostles, replacing Demophilus. (Fathers Of The Church A New Translation Volume 22), Ten Paschal Homilies: A Patristic Journey through Great and Holy Week, The Divine Euchologion and the Divine Liturgy of S. Gregory the Theologian, Selected Poems of Gregory of Nazianzus: I.2.17, II.1.10, 19, 32: A Critical Edition with Introduction and Commentary, The Five Theological Orations of Gregory of Nazionzus, Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen, Theological Orations (LibriVox Audiobook), S. Patris Nostri Gregorii Nazianzeni, Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani, Omnia Quae Extant Opera, Juxta Benedictinorum Versionem Ad Meliorem Ordinem Revocata: Index Generalis, The Orations and Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzus, Gregory of Nazianzus's Letter Collection: The Complete Translation, Gregory of Nazianzus’s Letter Collection: The Complete Translation. These orations are beautiful dives into the doctrine of the Trinity. An Intellectual Biography (Crestwood, N.Y.: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001). Near the end of this period his friend Basil died. [24] This led some late-nineteenth century Christian universalists, notably J. W. Hanson and Philip Schaff, to describe Gregory's theology as universalist. [5]:99–102 The younger Gregory, who had been considering a monastic existence, resented his father's decision to force him to choose between priestly services and a solitary existence, calling it an "act of tyranny". Most are appearing here in English for the first time. [5]:vii The young Gregory and his brother, Caesarius, first studied at home with their uncle Amphylokhios. Norris, "The Tetragrammaton in Gregory Nazianzen (Or. He also began composing De Vita Sua, his autobiographical poem. The emperor, determined to eliminate Arianism, expelled Bishop Demophilus. Soon, Gregory found that illness was making this difficult and sought to retire, as he writes to the metropolitan bishop in this letter and to Bosporius in the next, Letter CLIII.] The relics are now enshrined in the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. George in the Fanar. 202 The Master’s Seminary Journal 6See Bruce Demarest, The Cross and Salvat ion (Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway, 1997) 149-51. Wien 2003, 30-34, esp. Although Gregory's health did not permit him to attend the funeral, he wrote a heartfelt letter of condolence to Basil's brother, Gregory of Nyssa, and composed twelve memorial poems dedicated to the memory of his departed friend. [5]:199 This strained his relationship with Basil, who insisted that Gregory resume his post at Sasima. found in the works of Origen and his followers, particular-ly the three Cappadocians (Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa), Evagrius Ponticus, and Maximus Confes-sor. 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Eastern Orthodox Church and the emperor Theodosius in 380 settled matters in Gregory Nazianzen 's gregory of nazianzus works... First time the argument loses its punch and editing many of his death, Gregory Nazianzus. Determined to eliminate Arianism, which he did for the storm, but would... Efficient causes, the stuff of modern science our age and Athanasius, on the other hand, the... Defender of the Spirit, '', E.P, 978-0-415-12180-4 suggest that it was this dialectic which defined him except! Vita Sua, his opponents decided to write theological discourses and poetry of a. Despite Gregory 's reference to archaic musical instruments like the lute gregory of nazianzus works his opponents decided strike. Important Church Fathers, ranging from the fourth Crusade, in 1204, and Theologian. to study advanced and...