[15] Due to the resilience of the Western Gangas, Amoghavarsha I was forced to follow a conciliatory policy. I am in Kerala for the second time. Amoghavarsha I (also known as Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga I ) (r.814–878 CE) was a Rashtrakuta emperor, the greatest ruler of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, and one of the great emperors of India. Join now. Likewise, Amoghavarsha I maintained friendly interactions with the Pallava who were busy keeping the Pandyas at bay. Amoghavarsha I wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest surviving literary work in Kannada and Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a religious work in Sanskrit. During his rule he held titles such as Nrupathunga, Atishadhavala, Veeranarayana, Rattamarthanda and … [12] His guardian during his early years as emperor was his cousin, Karka Suvarnavarsha of the Gujarat branch of the empire. [15] The Bagumra records mention a "Sea of Chalukyas" invading the Ratta kingdom which Amoghavarsha I successfully defended. He wrote (or co-authored) the Kavirajamarga, the earliest extant literary work in Kannada,[3][4] and Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a religious work in Sanskrit. [21][22] For this benevolent act the Sanjan inscription likens him to puranic heroes such as Bali, Shibi and Jimutavahana (hero of the play Nagananda). Kavirajamarga (850) by King Amoghavarsha I and his court poet Srivijaya is the earliest extant book on rhetoric and poetics but it is evident from this book that several styles of Kannada literature and poetry had already existed in previous centuries. is the earliest available work on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. Kavirajamarga has been written under the name of Nrupathunga, which indicates that it has been written by Amoghavarsha-I who was the king at that time. 1. Srivijaya, who was in die court erf Amoghavarsha, wrote ‘Kavirajamarga’. Pampa wrote VIKRAMASENAVIJAYA and Paunna wrote SHANTIPURANA. searching for Kavirajamarga 12 found (57 total) alternate case: kavirajamarga. [3] The Sanskrit writing Prashnottara Ratnamalika is said to have been written by Amoghavarsha I in his old age when he had distanced himself from the affairs of the state. This information is available from the Manne inscription of 803 and the Sanjan plates of 871, both important sources of information about Amoghavarsha I. [15], Vijayaditya II of the Eastern Chalukya family overthrew Bhima Salki, the ruling Rashtrakuta feudatory at Vengi, took possession of the throne and continued his hostilities against the Rashtrakutas. [10], Kannada classic work on poetics, rhetoric and grammar, "Kannada Literature under the Rashtrakutas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kavirajamarga&oldid=969479150, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 July 2020, at 17:44. It is the first book in Kannada language. The award is instituted by the BMTC after the 8th century Kannada king-poet Nrupatunga, who wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest available work on rhetoric, poetics, and grammar in Kannada. Nrupa in Kannada means king. Many Kannada and Sanskrit scholars prospered during his rule, including the great Indian mathematician Mahaviracharya who wrote Ganita-sara-samgraha, Jinasena, Virasena, Shakatayan and Sri Vijaya (a Kannada language theorist). Amoghavarsha I was an accomplished poet and scholar. There was a political fear that Lingayats would outnumber every other caste in a unified Karnataka. The Hindu. Telugu-Kannada alphabet (520 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article Krishna (2017-11-25). [6] For his religious temperament, his interest in the fine arts and literature and his peace-loving nature, historian Panchamukhi has compared him to the emperor Ashoka and given him the honorific "Ashoka of the South". He captured Sthambha (modern Kammamettu), a Rashtrakuta stronghold. Retrieved 2019-01-22. Earlier Kannada poets and writers praised in Kavirajamarga: Durvinita: 6th century Vimala Pre-850 Nagarjuna Pre-850 Jayabodhi Pre-850 Udaya Pre-850 Kavisvara Pre-850 Pandita Chandra Pre-850 Lokapala Pre-850 There are varying opinions about the early life and native language of Pampa. Some historians believe Kavirajamarga may have been co-authored by a poet in the king's court, the Kannada language theorist Sri Vijaya. [21] Proof for this comes from the writing, Mahapurana (also known as Uttara Purana) by Gunabhadra in which the author states "blissful for the world is the existence of Jinasenacharya, by bowing to whom Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga considered himself to be purified". Amoghavarsha I patronised Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Not students only, but the folk [9] The Sirur plates further clarify that Amoghavarsha I ascended to the throne in 815 at the age of 14 after the death of his father. This has prompted historians to suggest that the Pallava king must have married Nrupatunga Amoghavarsha I's daughter. Human translations with examples: poet ranna, kavirajamarga, adikavi pampa. Mahāvīra (mathematician) - Bidar district - Kannada people - Malkheda - Kannada - Kavirajamarga - Jinasena - Virasena - List of longest-reigning monarchs - Eastern Chalukyas - Western Ganga dynasty - Govinda III - Krishna II - Rashtrakuta dynasty - Durvinita - India - Sanskrit - Extant literature - Gulbarga district - Karnataka - Indra - Ashoka - Narmada River - North India - Gujarat Many Kannada and Sanskrit scholars prospered during his rule including Mahaviracharya, who wrote Ganita-sara-samgraha, Jinasena, Virasena, Shakatayan and Sri Vijaya. [5] The Arab traveler Sulaiman described Amoghavarsha as one of the four great kings of the world. He wrote (or co-authored) the Kavirajamarga, the earliest extant literary work in Kannada, and Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a religious work in Sanskrit. ssiddu44782 ssiddu44782 4 hours ago Social Sciences Secondary School +5 pts. [18] He deeply cared for his subjects and once when a calamity threatened to harm them (according to the Sanjan plates), he offered his finger as a sacrifice to the goddess Mahalakshmi of Kolhapur. He also condemned the usage of expletives such as ante, matte, and gadam,. [17], Amoghavarsha's reign lasted till 877 AD after which he had voluntarily retired from his throne. Asaga was a 9th-century [1] Digambara Jain poet who wrote in Sanskrit and Kannada language.He is most known for his extant work in Sanskrit, the Vardhaman Charitra (Life of Vardhamana).This epic poem which runs into eighteen cantos was written in 853 CE. He is said to have built the regal city to "match that of Lord Indra". To speak in rhythmic tone, Je was op zoek naar: kavirajamarga (Kannada - Engels) kavirajamarga (Kannada - Engels) Mahavir Acharya, who was famous mathematician wrote GANITSARSANGRAHA. Log in Join now 1. However, according to the scholar Reu, writings such as Mahapurana by Gunabhadra, Prashnottara Ratnamalika and Mahaviracharya's Ganita-sara-sangraha are evidence that Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga I had taken to Jainism. In Mysore state, there was a reluctance to become Karnataka. Social sciences. [19] It is written that the rulers of Vanga, Anga, Magadha, Malwa and Vengi worshipped him. Nandivarman was married to a Ratta princess, Sankha, and their son was also called Nripathunga. "Kavirajamarga, a tour with a difference". ISSN 0971-751X. Some historians believe Kavirajamarga may have been co-authored by a poet in the king's court, the Kannada language theorist Sri Vijaya. This is known from the Manne records (803), Sirur plates and Sanjan records (871) of Amoghavarsha I. The same writing proves that Amoghavarsha I was a follower of the Digambara branch of Jainism. Kavirajamarga, 1 a work of poetics, refers to the land from Cauvery to Godavari where Kannada is spoken as Kannada desha. Answered - [Govinda III] [Amoghavarsha] [Pulikeshi] [Danthidurga] are the options of mcq question Kavirajamarga” is the earliest available writing on poetic and grammar in the Kannada literature. [2], Amoghavarsha was a scholar in Kannada and Sanskrit literature. Kavirajamarga is the earliest available work on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. Log in Join now Primary School. King Amoghavarsha I Nripatunga, (Prashottara Ratnamakike, Kavirajamarga, a treatise on Kannada poetics, 850 A.D.) Sri Ponna (950 AD) (title, Kavichakravarthi wrote Bhuvanaika- Ramabhyudaya, Santipurana and Jinaksaramale – Kannada) Adikavi Pampa (902-975 AD) (called Adhikavi wrote Adipurana and Vikramarjuna Vijaya in Kannada) This isn't very far from where I live. Religion Shaivism and Vaishnavism flourished during Rashtrakuta … It is Amoghavarsha I, who wrote Kavirajamarga. [7][24] The Jain Narayana temple of Pattadakal, (a UNESCO World Heritage Site)[25] a basadi at Konnur and the Neminatha Basadi at Manyakheta were built during his rule. He patronized Jain religion. [2][3] It was inspired by or written in part by the famous Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I, and some historians claim it is based partly on the Sanskrit text Kavyadarsha. [15], Tranquility was restored temporarily by a marriage between Vijayaditya II's son, Vishnuvardhana V, and the Ratta princess Shilamahadevi, a sister of Karka of the Gujarat Rashtrakuta branch. [8] The work describes the entire region between the Godavari river in the north and Kaveri river in the south as "Kannada country", which includes large territories north of modern Karnataka where Kannada is now not spoken. So kindred to their own Contextual translation of "kavirajamarga" into English. When I replied that he was the poet-king who wrote Kavirajamarga, the first classical work of Kannada poetics, there was an appreciative nod. It was written by which of the following King? He moved the Rashtrakuta regal capital from Mayurkhandi in the Bidar district to Manyakheta in the Gulbarga district in the modern Karnataka state. Answered Who.wrote.kavviraj.marga 1 See answer ssiddu44782 is waiting for your help. [2][4], The name literally means "Royal Path for Poets" and was written as a guide book for poets and scholars (Kavishiksha). From references made in this writing to earlier Kannada poetry and literature it is clear that a considerable body of work in prose and poetry must have existed in the preceding centuries. Kavirajamarga is a guide to poets (Kavishiksha) that aims to standardize these various styles. More revolts occurred between 818 and 820, but by 821 Amoghavarsha I had overcome all resistance and established a stable kingdom to rule. [10][11][12] The book mentions several early Kannada writers who preceded Amoghavarsha I: Vimalachandra (777), Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabhandu and 6th century King Durvinita of the Western Ganga Dynasty as the best writers of Kannada prose; Srivijaya, Kavisvara, Chandra Pandita and Lokapala as the best writers of Kannada poetry. [A]Govinda III [B]Amoghavarsha [C]Pulikeshi [D]Danthidurga Show Answer Amoghavarsha 5 points Who wrote the book kavirajamarga Ask for details ; Follow Report by Modi549 23.02.2018 written by rashtrakuta king Nrupatunga Amoghavarsha Log in … He gave in marriage his daughter, Chandrabbalabbe, to the Western Ganga King Butuga I, and another daughter, Revakanimmadi, to prince Ereganga. Rashtrakuta (IAST: rāṣṭrakūṭa) was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the sixth and 10th centuries. He was a great patron of culture and a great visionary. Log in. The record also states that Amoghavarsha I had imprisoned the Gangavamshi ruler and those in his own court who had carried out plots against him for life. The aim of this writing was to standardize these written styles. Sulaiman also wrote that Amoghavarsha respected Muslims and that he allowed the construction of mosques in his cities. [11] His own writing Kavirajamarga is a landmark literary work in the Kannada language and became a guide book for future poets and scholars for centuries to come. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapura, a city in Central or West India. )[1] is the earliest available work on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. Pampa wrote ‘Adipcirana’ and ‘Vikramarjunavijaya’ in Kannada Forma composed ‘Shantipurana’. It laid the "royal path" for guiding many aspiring writers. Log in. It is still debated whether he abdicated his throne at times to fulfill religious pursuits. Amoghavarsha I (whose birth name was Sharva)[9][10] was born in 800 CE in Sribhavan on the banks of the river Narmada during the return journey of his father, Emperor Govinda III, from his successful campaigns in northern India. The book dwells on earlier styles of composition; the Bedande, the Chattana, and the Gadyakatha, and indicates that these styles were recognised by puratana kavi (lit, "earlier poets"). It is claimed that the name Durvinita is found only in Kavirajamarga and Western Ganga inscriptions prior to the Magadi inscription of 966. Question 8. [11] However others argue that it may have been written by Adi Shankara or by Vimalacharya. [6][7] Amoghavarsha I came to the throne in 814 at the age of 14 and took great interest in the Kannada language, culture, country and its people, and his writing Kavirajamarga goes into these details as well. Join now. By instinct use and understand, Kavirajamarga makes important references not only to earlier Kannada writers and poets but also to early literary styles that were in vogue in the various written dialects of Kannada language. His reign of 64 years is one of the longest precisely dated monarchical reigns on record. In the series of battles that followed, Shivamara II was killed in 816. The book is related to Grammar. [20], Amoghavarsha I was a disciple of Acharya Jinasena. Although the Kavirajamarga, authored during the reign of King Amoghavarsha, is the oldest extant literary work in the language, it has been generally accepted by modern scholars that prose, verse and grammatical traditions must have existed earlier. King Amoghavarsha wrote KAVIRAJAMARGA & PRASHNOTTAR MALIKA in Kannada language. [7] Amoghavarsha seems to have entertained the highest admiration for the language, literature and culture of the Kannada people as testified to in the text Kavirajamarga.[8]. Let me address your second question first. [11] All his inscriptions thereafter refer to him as Amoghavarsha I. The name literally means "Royal Path for Poets" and was written as … Famous among scholars during his time were Mahaviracharya, Virasena,[26] Jinasena, Gunabhadra, Shakatayan, and Sri Vijaya. Add your answer and earn points. He wrote another book in Sanskrit named Prashnottara Ratna Malika on Jainism. The term pruvacharyar (lit, earlier grammarians or rhetoricians) has also been used. [16] The Pallavas had marital ties with the Rashtrakutas as well. [27], There is a mention of several Kannada authors in his works who preceded him. He was born in Sribhavan in 800 to Rashtrakuta King Govinda III during the king's return from his successful northern campaigns in Kanauj. [16], The Sanjan inscriptions of 871 claim Amoghavarsha I made a great effort to overthrow the kingdom of the Dravidas and that the mobilization of his armies struck terror into the hearts of the kings of modern-day Kerala, Pandya, Chola, Kalinga, Magadha, Gujarat and Pallava. [13][14] The first to revolt was the Western Ganga feudatory led by King Shivamara II. Who wrote the book kavirajamarga Get the answers you need, now! A revolt led by some of his relatives together with feudatories of the empire temporarily unseated Amoghavarsha I, who, with the help of his guardian and cousin (Karka) also called Patamalla, re-established himself as the emperor by 821. Asaga was a 9th-century Digambara Jain poet who wrote in Sanskrit and Kannada language.He is most known for his extant work in Sanskrit, the Vardhaman Charitra (Life of Vardhamana).This epic poem which runs into eighteen cantos was written in 853 CE. According to him, a mixture of Kannada with Sanskrit is "harsh to the ear" but a mixture of Kannada and Sama-Samskrita is pleasant to the ear like "music", while a mixture of Kannada and Sanskrit in compounds is disagreeable "like mixing drops of buttermilk (curdled milk) and boiling milk". This information comes from the Surat records and the Baroda plates of 835. The people of that land are skilled Ask your question. Amoghavarsha I was also a famous poet and scholar and wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest extant literary work in Kannada and Prashnottara Ratnamalika, a religious work in Sanskrit. untutored in the school, According to Reu, some Svetambara Jains claim the author was Vimalacharya (Reu 1933, p36, p73), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amoghavarsha&oldid=996057302, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox royalty with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 December 2020, at 08:30. Three renowned scholars called Pampa Ponna Ranna (all were Jain followers) lived under them. Kavirajamarga (Kannada: ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ) (850 C.E.) Amoghavarsha I killed Vishnuvardhana V in 846 but continued a friendly relationship with the next Eastern Chalukya ruler Gunaga Vijayaditya III, and suppressed the recalcitrant Alupas of South Canara under prince Vimaladitya in 870. However, Vishnuvardhana V attacked the northern Kalachuri feudatory of the Rashtrakutas in Tripuri, central India, and captured Elichpur near Nasik. [21], Old Kannada inscription (876 AD) of Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I at Veerabhadra temple in Kumsi. But Amoghavarsha I's commander and confidant, Bankesha, was defeated in Rajaramadu by the next Ganga king, Rachamalla. It was inspired by or written in part by the famous Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I, and some historians claim it is based partly on the Sanskrit text Kavyadarsha. Write a note on the Ellon temple. The Rāṣṭrakūṭa king Amōghavarṣa Nr̥patuṅga’s contribution to the language and literature of Kannada is actually pretty immense. Amoghavarsha, who ruled for 64 years, was also an author and wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest known Kannada work on poetics. The Tripartite struggle began with the defeat of Indrayudh at the hands of Gurjara Pratihara dynasty ruler Vatsaraja. [2] Amoghavarsha I was an accomplished poet and scholar. During his rule he held such titles as … During his rule he held titles such as Nrupathunga, Atishadhavala, Veeranarayana, Rattamarthanda and Srivallabha. Those who wrote in prose were Vimala, Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabandhu and Durvinita, whereas those who wrote in poetry were Srivijaya, Kavisvara, Pandita, Chandra and Lokapala. [23] According to Arab traveller Suleiman, Amoghavarsha I's empire was one among the four great contemporary empires of the world and because of his peaceful and loving nature, he has been compared to Emperor Ashoka. The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond; Acyuta Yājñika, Suchitra Sheth, Penguins Books, (2005), p.42, It has been claimed that Sharva may be a title (Reu 1933, p66), From the Hiregundagal records (Kamath 2001, p78), He retired to his Jain monastery more than once during his long reign (Sastri 1955, p395), From the Sanjan plates (Kamath 2001, p79), From the Nilagunda records (Kamath 2001, p79), From the notes of 9th-century Arab traveller Suleiman (Kamath 2001, p80), While the Tibetan version of the book and copies of the book written by Digambara Jains claim the author was indeed Amgohavarsha I, the manuscript copy of the writing preserved in the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Madras, states that Adi Shankara (Shankaracharya) was the author. The earliest surviving literature in rich manuscript form, the Kavirajamarga ("Royal Path for Poets") is dated to 850 CE; references are made in it to earlier prose writers such as Durvinita, Vimalachandra, Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabhandu and to poets including Kavisvara, Srivijaya, Pandita Chandra, Ravi Kirti (634) and Lokapala. It is probably one of the earliest instances of defining a land in terms of a language spoken by a people. Kavirajamarga was written by the famous Rashtrakuta King "Nrupatunga" Amoghavarsha I. [5], The pre-coronation name of Amoghavarsha I was Sharva. The Rāṣṭrakūṭas were well-known patrons of art. It is the earliest available Sanskrit biography of the last tirthankara of Jainism, Mahavira.In all, he authored at least eight works in Sanskrit. Kavirajamarga was formative in the literary growth of Kannada and is a guide book to the Kannada grammar that existed in that period. His queen was Asagavve. "Kavirajamarga… Kavirajamarga (Kannada: ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ) (850 C.E. He was one of the important Kannada emperor ruled Karnataka during Rashtrakuta empire. Answer: The Kailasanatha temple at Ellora is a rock-cut temple. [3] But the works and compositions of these early authors are yet to be discovered. Indian History × Home; Ancient History Indus Valley Civilization The capital city was planned to include elaborately designed buildings for the royalty using the finest of workmanship. [11], Amoghavarsha I preferred to remain friendly with all his neighbours and feudatories and avoided taking an aggressive posture against them. Before I can reach Karnataka's northernmost city of Bidar, I can reach Thiruvananthapuram. Ask your question. “Kavirajamarga” is the earliest available writing on poetic and grammar in the Kannada literature. From the Cambay and Sangli plates it is known that Amoghavarsha I overwhelmingly defeated the Vengi Chalukyas and drove them out of their strongholds in the battle of Vingavalli. It was built by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I. After these victories he assumed the title Veeranarayana. 1. [10][11], In his criticism, Amoghavarsha I writes that old Kannada is appropriate in "ancient poems" but is insipid in works of the present time, like an "association with an old woman". And quick to grasp a poet's thought, Find an answer to your question who.wrote.kavviraj.marga 1. Was the Western Ganga inscriptions prior to the language and literature of Kannada Prashnottara! Kannada Forma composed ‘ Shantipurana ’ the four great kings of the four great kings the... Lit, earlier grammarians or rhetoricians ) has also been used composed Shantipurana! Must have married Nrupatunga Amoghavarsha I preferred to remain friendly with all his inscriptions thereafter refer to him as I. Far from where I live in terms of a language spoken by a people forced to follow a conciliatory.. Grammar that existed in that who wrote kavirajamarga great visionary the Bidar district to Manyakheta in Kannada. Reign of 64 years, was defeated in Rajaramadu by the Rashtrakuta ``... Matte, and their son was also an author and wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest instances of a! Earliest instances of defining a land in terms of a language spoken by poet... By which of the empire was famous mathematician wrote GANITSARSANGRAHA to follow a conciliatory policy would... As ante, matte, and captured Elichpur near Nasik in Sribhavan in 800 to Rashtrakuta king I. Records ( 803 ), Sirur plates and Sanjan records ( 871 ) Amoghavarsha... Path '' for guiding many aspiring writers was killed in 816 Gulbarga district in the Bidar district to Manyakheta the! Nrupatunga Amoghavarsha I successfully defended a follower of the Western Gangas, Amoghavarsha was a disciple Acharya. Is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapura, a religious in... 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Answered Who.wrote.kavviraj.marga 1 See answer ssiddu44782 is waiting for your help his successful northern in... Old Kannada inscription ( 876 AD ) of Rashtrakuta king Govinda III during the king return... ( 876 AD ) of Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha I 's commander and confidant Bankesha. And scholar defeated in Rajaramadu by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I or West India and that he allowed construction... Ganga feudatory led by king Shivamara II was killed in 816 the next Ganga king, Rachamalla successful northern in... Believe Kavirajamarga may have been written by Adi Shankara or by Vimalacharya royalty using the finest of workmanship Sanskrit... Sankha, and gadam,, Jinasena, Gunabhadra, Shakatayan, and captured Elichpur near Nasik following king 27! Standardize these various styles longest precisely dated monarchical reigns on record resistance and established a kingdom. 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